three kind of disciplines Essay Example For Students

three kind of disciplines Essay In this section Three Kinds of Discipline from his book Freedom and Beyond, John Holt states that besides discipline from parents and teachers, discipline comes from a childs environment as well. The authors purpose is to inform people about kinds of disciplines he states there are according to many years of research based on his experience as a fourteen-year-teacher in grade and high schools. A child may learn from three different kinds of disciplines: Discipline of Nature or of Reality; a child eets this discipline every time he tries to do something, Discipline of Culture; children imitate what others do, either is good or bad, and Discipline of Superior Force; parents should use force with their children only to avoid danger. I do agree with the authors thesis because as a child I went through a lot being disciplined. We will write a custom essay on three kind of disciplines specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now My grandparents use The Discipline of Superior Force, but at the same time I learned from the other two disciplines by failing and achieving things and imitating people around me The first and the one the author considers the most important is the iscipline of Nature or of Reality when a child is trying something he can or cannot accomplish, he doesnt get the result he wants. A child meets this kind of discipline every time he tries to do something that is why according to Holt, it is very important in school to give children the opportunity to do more things instead of reading or listening to teachers talk. The learner does not have to wait for his answer; it usually comes fast and clear, and from what happen the child can not only see that what he id was wrong, but also why and what needs to be changed. The Discipline of Culture, of Society of What People Really Do. Children watch what people around them are doing and want to imitate them. For example, children do not usually misbehave in church because they learned from the adults behavior at church. Children who live among adults who are courteous, kind, aggressive or talk nice or dirty to each other learn to behave the same way. Children want to understand agreements, customs, habits and rules binding the adults together and e part of it The last one he mentions is The Discipline of Superior Force, we cannot afford to let a child find out from experience the danger, so we say to him dont do this or that or Ill punish you. According to Holt We ought to use this discipline only when it is necessary to protect the life, health, safety, or well-being of people or another living creature. We should not assume that having to yield to the threat of our superior force is good for the child character. There are places where all these three disciplines coincide. For example a student in a ballet class is told to do exercises and he is constantly corrected, but behind these demands by the teacher lie many decades of custom and tradition. We would be unlikely to learn any complicated human activity without relying on the experience of the ones who know better. According to the author the matter is that children are alw ays avid and attracted to compete and in their private lives or extracurricular activities they often submit themselves willingly and wholeheartedly to very intense

Allomorph Word Forms and Sounds

Allomorph Word Forms and Sounds In phonology, an allomorph is a variant form of a morpheme. (A morpheme is the smallest unit of a language.) For example, the plural in English has three different morphs, making plural an allomorph, because there are alternatives. Not all plurals are formed in the same way; theyre made in English with three different morphs: /s/, /z/, and  [É™z], as in kicks, cats, and sizes, respectively.   For example, when we find a group of different  morphs, all versions of one morpheme, we can use the prefix  allo-  ( one of a closely related set) and describe them as allomorphs of that morpheme. Take the morpheme plural. Note that it can be attached to a number of lexical morphemes to produce structures like cat   plural, bus   plural, sheep   plural, and man   plural. In each of these examples, the actual forms of the morphs that result from the morpheme plural are different. Yet they are all allomorphs of the one morpheme. So, in addition to /s/ and /É™z/, another allomorph of plural in English seems to be a zero-morph because the plural form of  sheep  is actually sheep   ∅. When we look at man   plural, we have a vowel change in the word...as the morph that produces the irregular plural form  men. (George Yule, The Study of Language, 4th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2010) Past Tense Allomorphs Past tense is another morpheme that has multiple morphs and is thus an allomorph. When you form the past tense, you add the sounds /t/, /d/, and /É™d/ to words to put them in past tense, such as in talked, grabbed, and wanted, respectively. Completely arbitrary allomorphs, such as English  went  (go  Ã‚  past tense), are relatively rare in the  lexicon, and occur almost exclusively with a few very frequent words. This unpredictable kind of allomorphy is called  suppletion. (Paul Georg Meyer, Synchronic English Linguistics: An Introduction, 3rd ed. Gunter Narr Verlag, 2005) Pronunciation Can Change Depending on the context, allomorphs can vary in shape and pronunciation without changing meaning, and the formal relation between phonological allomorphs is called an  alternation.  [A]n underlying morpheme can have multiple surface level allomorphs (recall that the prefix allo means other). That is, what we think of as a single unit (a single morpheme) can actually have more than one  pronunciation  (multiple allomorphs)...We can use the following analogy:  phoneme:  allophone   morpheme: allomorph. (Paul W. Justice, Relevant Linguistics: An Introduction to the Structure and Use of English for Teachers, 2nd ed. CSLI, 2004) For example, [t]he  indefinite article  is a good example of a morpheme with more than one allomorph. It is  realized  by the two forms  a  and  an. The sound at the beginning of the following word determines the allomorph that is selected. If the word following the indefinite article begins with a  consonant, the allomorph  a  is selected, but if it begins with a  vowel  the allomorph  an  is used instead... [A]llomorphs of a morpheme are in  complementary distribution. This means that they cannot substitute for each other. Hence, we cannot replace one allomorph of a morpheme by another allomorph of that morpheme and change meaning. (Francis Katamba, English Words: Structure, History, Usage, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2004) More on the Term Itself   The terms adjectival use is  allomorphic. Its etymology derives from the Greek,  Ã‚  other form.

Familial Duty and Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Familial Duty and Responsibility - Essay Example In the east, familial duty is extremely important. This duty creates a bond between family members that help create a strong society. One example of the loyalty is towards the elderly. Children feel a duty to care for elderly parents. Instead of placing their elderly in nursing homes or elderly retirement centers, it is common for three or four generations to live under one roof. This not only helps the elderly but the whole family unit. Both parents can work outside of the home, while grandparents can watch their grandchildren. This helps family finances by eliminating not only the cost of caring for an elderly parent outside the home but the cost of daycare as well. The advantages of having several generations in one house can benefit more than the family, but society as a whole. If grandparents are home when children go and come home from school, children are less likely to get into trouble. If a child does get into trouble, an adult is there to handle the problem. Teenage pregnancy, drug and alcohol use, criminal activity, and other mischiefs would be controlled by a loving grandparent. Another example of how familial loyalty could benefit Americans would be in the marriage. In the east, duty comes first. Marriage is a duty. In America, many individuals do what makes them individually happy, not what makes others happy. Extramarital affairs and divorce are common. This breaks the familial unit. For Americans to embrace and benefit the eastern way of life, marriage would have to be taken more seriously. When an individual does what makes them happy, then others around them do the same. Americans have forgotten to treat people how they want to be treated. Why would children want to take care of parents that put them through messy divorces? Divorced parents do not understand why children grow up so bitter.  Ã‚